Monosodium glutamate, monosodium glutamate (MSG), or sodium/sodium glutamate is the sodium salt of glutamic acid which is one of the most abundant naturally occurring non-essential amino acids. The informal name of this compound is micin.
The US Food and Drug Administration classifies MSG as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) and the European Union as a food additive. MSG has HS Code 29224220 and EC Number E621. Glutamate in MSG gives the same umami taste as glutamate from other foods. The two are chemically identical. Industrial food manufacturers market and use MSG as a flavor enhancer because it balances, unifies and rounds the total perception of other tastes.
Pure MSG does not have a pleasant taste by itself if it is not combined with a consonant savory smell. As a flavor and in the right amount, MSG has the ability to enhance other tasteactive compounds, balancing and rounding the overall taste of certain dishes. MSG mixes well with meat, fish, poultry, many vegetables, sauces, soups and marinades, and increases the overall preference of certain foods like beef consomm. But like other basic tastes except sucrose, MSG improves the pleasantness only in the right concentration. Excessive MSG will quickly destroy the taste of food. Although this concentration varies with the type of food, in clear soup the pleasantness score rapidly falls with more than 1 g of MSG per 100 ml. Moreover, there are interactions between MSG and salt (sodium chloride) and other umami substances such as nucleotides. All need to be in an optimum concentration for maximum palatability. With these properties, MSG can be used to reduce salt intake (sodium), which predisposes to hypertension, heart diseases and stroke. The taste of low-salt foods improves with MSG even with a 30% salt reduction. The sodium content (in mass percent) of MSG is about 3 times lower (12%) than in sodium chloride (39%). Other salts of glutamate have been used in low-salt soups, but with a lower palatability than MSG.
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